ONLINE HOSPITAL
Anatomy and Disease
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Respiratory Diseases: |
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" Cough |
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Heart Diseases: |
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HUMAN ANATOMY: |
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Sense Organs: |
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HEARTThe heart weighs between 7 and 15 ounces (200 to 425 grams) and is a little larger than the size of your fist. By the end of a long life, a person's heart may have beat (expanded and contracted) more than 3.5 billion times. In fact, each day, the average heart beats 100,000 times, pumping about 2,000 gallons (7,571 liters) of blood.Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum). A double-layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart like a sac. The outer layer of the pericardium surrounds... >> HEART ANATOMY AND DISEASES BLOODThe circulatory system is the route by which the cells in your body get the oxygen and nutrients they need, but the blood is the actual carrier of the oxygen and nutrients. Blood is made mostly of plasma, which is a yellowish liquid that is 90% water. But in addition to the water, plasma contains salts, sugar (glucose), and other substances. And, most important, plasma contains proteins that carry important nutrients to the body’s cells and strengthen the body’s immune system so it can fight off infection.The average man has between 10 and 12 pints of blood in his body. The average woman has between 8 and 9 pints. To give you an idea of how much blood that is, 8 pints is equal to 1 gallon (think of a gallon of milk). >> BLOOD LIVERLiver, largest internal organ of the human body. The liver, which is part of the digestive system, performs more than 500 different functions, all of which are essential to life. Its essential functions include helping the body to digest fats, storing reserves of nutrients, filtering poisons and wastes from the blood, synthesizing a variety of proteins, and regulating the levels of many chemicals found in the bloodstream. The liver is unique among the body’s vital organs in that it can regenerate, or grow back, cells that have been destroyed by some short-term injury or disease. >> LIVER
LUNGSLung, either of a pair of elastic, spongy organs used in breathing and respiration. Lungs are present in all mammals, birds, and reptiles. Most amphibians and a few species of fish also have lungs.In humans the lungs occupy a large portion of the chest cavity from the collarbone down to the diaphragm, a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that walls off the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. At birth the lungs are pink, but as a person ages, they become gray and mottled from tiny particles breathed in with the air. Generally, people who live in cities and industrial areas have darker lungs than those who live in the country. >> LUNGS SPLEENSpleen, flattened, oblong organ that removes disease-producing organisms and worn-out red blood cells from the bloodstream. The spleen is situated in the upper left abdominal cavity, in contact with the pancreas, the diaphragm, and the left kidney. It is supported by bands of fibers that are attached to the peritoneum (the membrane lining the abdominal cavity). The spleen varies in size but, in adult humans, it is about 13 cm (about 5 in) long, up to 10 cm (4 in) wide and 3.8 cm (1.5 in) thick, and weighs about 200 g (about 7 oz). The spleen is fed by the splenic artery, and venous blood from the spleen enters the liver. >> SPLEENEDUCATION AND PRACTICEIn the United States, colleges of pharmacy offer five- or six-year programs leading either to a bachelor of science degree in the pharmaceutical sciences or the doctor of pharmacy degree. Licenses are granted by states after the following requirements have been met: graduation from one of the 82 colleges and schools of pharmacy with programs accredited by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education; participation in an internship under a registered pharmacist; and satisfactory completion of a national licensing examination. Pharmacists may practice their profession in a pharmacy located in a hospital, nursing home, or community-based pharmacy. Pharmacists may also work for managed care organizations, consulting firms, or pharmaceutical companies, which may hire these professionals to conduct scientific research or to participate in the development and production of new pharmaceutical products. >> EDUCATION AND PRACTICETYPES OF HOSPITALSHospital, institution that provides a broad range of medical services to sick, injured, or pregnant patients. Hospitals employ medical, nursing, and support staff to provide inpatient care to people who require close medical monitoring and outpatient care to people who need treatment but not constant medical attention. Hospitals provide diagnosis and medical treatment of physical and mental health problems, surgery, rehabilitation, health education programs, and nursing and physician training. Many hospitals also serve as centers for innovative research and medical technology.Today the United States is home to 6,021 hospitals that contain over 1 million hospital beds. U.S. hospitals annually admit some 34 million patients who are assigned a bed and receive medical or surgical treatment as inpatients. Hospitals also provide outpatient treatment in clinics or other walk-in, or ambulatory, settings for an additional 483 million patients every year. Hospitals in the United States are classified by the services they provide (general or specialized), the length of stay they offer patients (short stay or long-term care), and by their ownership (not-for-profit, proprietary, or government owned). Although most U.S. hospitals are classified as not-for-profit, any one hospital will fall into several of the above categories. For example, Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas, with more than 300,000 sq m (3 million sq ft) of space, is one of the largest short-stay, not-for-profit, general hospitals in the country. >> HISTORY OF HOSPITALS
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